MODULE 1: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW MATERIALS

Coordinator: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

* Please contact inframat@ipc.bas.bg for the selected service!

Chemical analysis

Type of analysis:

  • determination of the content of macro- and microelements in different types of samples – environmental, metallurgical, soils, galvanic solutions, food, beverages, biological samples;
  • development of analytical forms for determining the forms of chemical elements.

Sample type:

Liquids, solids.

Institution and contact:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Albena Detcheva-Tchakarova, PhD albena@svr.igic.bas.bg, 02 979 2504

Assistant Hristina Tsvetkova hrisi@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029793570

SU – FCP Assistant Prof. Elisaveta Mladenova, PhD elimladenova@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 356

Assistant Prof. Tsvetomil Voislavov, PhD voyslavov@abv.bg, 02 8161 277

Type of analysis:

  • qualitative and quantitative non-destructive analysis of materials composed of chemical elements with atomic numbers between Ca (20) and U (92);
  • measurement of thicknesses and percentage composition of layers in single-layer and multilayer metal coatings.

Sample type:

Liquid, solid and powdered materials, metal coatings over different substrates.

Non-destructive method of analysis.

Institution and contact:

IPC – BAS Vesselina Chakarova

vchakarova@ipc.bas.bg, 029792538

Type of analysis:

  • identification of unknown substances;
  • determination of the isotopic content of the elements;
  • determining the structure of substances;
  • qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic and inorganic substances – products of organic synthesis, pharmaceutical substances, natural products;
  • separation and identification of components and analysis of the composition of complex mixtures;
  • development and validation of methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis..

Sample type:

Gases, liquids, solid samples.

Institution and contact:

IP – BAS Assistant Eng. Pencho Tuleshkov, PhD

pen.tul@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3477

IOCCP – BAS Assoc. Prof. Svilen Simeonov, PhD

svilen@orgchm.bas.bg, 02 9606 114

IC-BAS Diana Filkova, PhD

dfilkova@ic.bas.bg, 02 979 2550

SU – FCP Assoc. Prof. Hristo Chanev, PhD

ohhc@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 249

Assistant Stela Georgieva, PhD

ohsg@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 365

SU – FH Assoc. Prof. Valentina Lubomirova, PhD

vlah@chem.uni-sofia.bg,

02 8161 243, -298

Type of analysis:

  • chemical elemental analysis;
  • weight percentage or atomic distribution of chemical elements;
  • chemical element mapping;
  • combined with scanning or transmission electron microscopy

 

Sample type:

Solids.

Institution and contact:

IPC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Bogdan Rangelov, PhD

rangelov@ipc.bas.bg, 02 979 2533, -3561

SU – FCP Assoc. Prof. Luben Mihailov, PhD

nhtlm@mail.chem.uni-sofia.bg,                                                   0888 960 858

Spectroscopic methods

Type of analysis:

  • determination of molecular structure;
  • qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic synthesis products, pharmaceuticals, natural products;
  • qualitative and quantitative composition of mixtures of synthetic and / or natural substances;
  • structure and particle sizes in colloidal solutions of surfactants, polymers, etc .;
  • molecular dynamics and interactions, kinetics of chemical reactions and molecular transformations, molecular diffusion;
  • analysis of the origin, authenticity and quality of food and beverages (honey, wine, etc.);
  • structure and composition of organic and inorganic substances in solid phase, mesoporous silicates, zeolites, polymeric materials, etc.

Non-destructive method of analysis.

Sample type:

Liquid and solid (powders) samples, micro-heterogenic materials, gels, liquid-crystal samples.

Institute and contact person:

IOCCP – BAS Prof. Pavleta Shestakova, PhD

psd@orgchm.bas.bg, 02 9606 136

SU – FCP Prof. Rositsa Nikolova, PhD

rnikolova@chem.uni-sofia.bg,

02 8161 392

Nikola Burdzhiev, PhD

nburdzhiev@chem.uni-sofia.bg,

02 8161 225

Nevena Petkova-Yankova, PhD

nipetkova@chem.uni-sofia.bg,

02 8161 249

Type of analysis:

  • identification and determination of the valence state and local structure of paramagnetic ions in electrode materials, sensors, catalysts, building materials, pharmaceuticals, mineralogical samples;
  • detection, characterization and quantitative analysis of free radicals in irradiated organic and inorganic substances, food and beverages;
  • analysis of products and materials with structural defects such as semiconductors, dielectrics, polymers, luminescent materials, minerals;
  • qualitative and quantitative analysis of archaeological artifacts such as plasters, pottery, ceramics, glass;
  • kinetics of catalytic and polymer reactions under the action of various stimuli (temperature, light in the visible and ultraviolet range);
  • analysis and determination of the local structure of drugs and pharmaceutical samples;
  • differentiation of non-graphitized and graphitized carbon materials.

Non-destructive method of analysis.

Sample type:

Solid and liquid samples.

Institute and contact person:

IC – BAS Assist. Prof. Ralitsa Mladenova, PhD

ralitsa@ic.bas.bg, 02 979 23591

IGIC – BAS Rositsa Kukeva

rositsakukeva@yahoo.com, 02 979 3574

Type of analysis:

  • qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic substances, mono- and multi-component systems;
  • applies to archaeological specimens, icons, paintings, murals, printed circuit boards, natural products, food additives, oils, fuels, dyes, construction and polymer materials used in industry, etc.

Sample type:

Solid and liquid samples.

Institute and contact person:

IC – BAS

IGIC – BAS

Assoc. Prof. Maya Shopska, PhD

shopska@ic.bas.bg, 02 979 3918

Assoc. Prof. Kristina Chakarova, PhD

kristina@svr.igic.bas.bg,

02 979 2556, 02 979 2573

Assoc. Prof. Nikola Drenchev

ndrenchev@svr.igic.bas.bg,

02 979 2556, 02 979 2573

IP – BAS Assoc.Prof. Ivailo Dimitrov, PhD

dimitrov@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3628

Assoc. Prof. Olya Stoilova, PhD

stoilova@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3468

IOCCP – BAS Assoc. Prof. Bistra Stanboliiska, PhD

bs@orgchm.bas.bg, 02 9606 127

Assoc. Prof. Denitsa Pantaleeva, PhD

deni@orgchm.bas.bg, 02 9606 106

Type of analysis:

  • transmission and reflection measurements (specular and diffuse) with the latest generation Cary-7000 spectrophotometer on samples in the spectral range 250-2500 nm at angles of incidence from 5 to 85o without moving the sample
  • equipped with an external integral sphere with a radius of 150 mm
  • wafer analysis up to 275 mm (10.8 in)
  • measurement with thermostated cuvette holder, from 0 to 100 °C
  • wavelength accuracy 0.08 nm for VIS and 0.4 nm for NIR range
  • spectral resolution: UV-VIS: <0.048 nm; NIR: <0.2 nm
  • photometric range 10 Abs

Sample type:

Solid and liquid samples, thin films, coatings, glass

Institute and contact person:

IOMT – BAS Assist. Vladimira Videva, PhD

vvideva@iomt.bas.bg;  0887305877

Type of analysis:

  • measurement of Raman spectra using laser lines at 633 nm, 515 nm, 488 nm and 458 nm.
  • when measured under a microscope, the study area is several micrometers in size.
  • macro measurements of liquids in an optical cuvette and at different temperatures in the range (77 K – 600 oC).
  • measurement of emission and excitation spectra in the range 200-950 nm, fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield of solid and liquid samples.

Sample type:

Solid (poly- or monocrystalline).

Liquid or powdered samples; thin layers.

Synthetic, natural, mineral, inorganic and organic substances; all samples except metals and alloys.

Institute and contact person:

SU – FP (Faculty of Physics) Prof. Miroslav Abrashev, DSc

mvabr@phys.uni-sofia.bg

02 8161 816, 02 8161 778

Prof. Viktor Ivanov, DSc

vgi@phys.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 778

Assist. Prof. Neno Todorov, PhD

neno@phys.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 778

IOMT – BAS Assist. Prof. Petar Ivanov, PhD
petar@iomt.bas.bg, 029793531

Type of analysis:

  • determination of the chemical composition in the surface layer of the sample (with a thickness of the order of 3-10 nm depending on the kinetic energy of the measured photoemitted electrons);
  • determination of the chemical state, oxidation state and concentration of the chemically different atoms in the surface layer

Sample type:

Solid samples.

 

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Genoveva Atanasova, PhD

genoveva@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792554

Prof. Ivalina Avramova, PhD

iva@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792564

Assistant Prof. Alexandar Tsanev, PhD

tsanew@abv.bg, 029792554

Assistant Prof. Maria Shipochka, PhD

shipochka@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792554

IC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Hristo Kolev, PhD

hgkolev@ic.bas.bg, 02 979 6638

Type of analysis:

  • Determination of the emission properties of inorganic, organic and organic-inorganic materials.
  • The device is equipped with LED (light emitting diode) sources with wavelengths: 265, 385 and 470 nm.
  • The apparatus can be used to take optical spectra (UV-VIS) of transmission and absorption.
  • The apparatus is equipped with a xenon light source with a range from 185 to 2000 nm and a power of 75 W.

Sample type:

Solid and liquid substances.

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Lubomir Alexandrov, PhD

lubomir@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029793588

Type of analysis:

  • obtaining data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the available iron-containing crystalline, low-crystalline and amorphous phases, as well as their degree of dispersion;
  • study of relaxation phenomena – superparamagnetism, collective magnetic excitation and electron exchange;
  • study of both the volume and the surface of the samples, as the parameters are influenced by the differences in the local environments of the iron ions.

Spectrum recording :

  • in transmission mode at different temperatures;
  • with detection of conversion electrons;
  • in situ transmission spectra in a reaction medium.

Sample type:

Solid samples.

Institute and contact person:

IC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Nikolai Velinov, PhD

nikivelinov@ic.bas.bg, 02 979 2593

Type of analysis:

  • analytical determination of 47 chemical elements, including difficult to analyse light elements such as hydrogen, lithium and boron in the sample volume and depth profile
  • ability to operate over a wide range of concentrations, from ppb to 100 %

Applications

  • determination of elemental composition of metals and alloys
  • determination of composition and thicknesses of single and multilayer coatings and thin films
  • layer-by-layer study of corrosion products
  • quantification of light elements in metals, e.g. phosphorus in the manufacture of hard disks, lithium in lithium-ion batteries, sulphur in metals, etc.
  • determination of elemental composition of non-conductive samples such as glasses and ceramics

Sample type:

Solid samples.

Institute and contact person:

IPC- BAS Assoc. Prof. Georgi Avdeev, PhD

g_avdeev@ipc.bas.bg, 029792534,

Assistant Prof. Ivan Zahariev, PhD

izahariev@ipc.bas.bg, 029792507

Microscopic Methods

Type of analysis:

  • study of the surface morphology of solid samples of different types – metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers, biological samples;
  • examination of bulk materials and powders; determination of shape, size and particle size distribution in powders;
  • additional possibility for crystallographic analysis and determination of phase composition of the sample using transmission electron microscopy.

Sample type:

Solid phase samples, bulk materials or powders.

Limit for transmission electron microscopy samples: thickness – up to 500 nm for samples of organic origin and up to 70 nm for inorganic samples.

Institute and contact person:

SU – FCP Prof. Toni Spasov, DSc

tspassov@vhem.uni-sofia.bg

Assoc. Prof. Luben Mihailov, PhD

nhtlm@mail.chem.uni-sofia.bg, 0888 960 858

Assist. Prof. Stanislava Todorova, PhD

stodorova@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 346

Evelina Vasileva, PhD

nhtev@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 0883333469

IPC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Bogdan Rangelov, PhD

rangelov@ipc.bas.bg, 02 979 2533, -3561

Assist. Prof. Stela Atanasova 029792533

IOMT – BAS Assoc. Prof. Daniella Karashanova, PhD

adi@iomt.bas.bg, 02 979 3519

IGIC – BAS Assitant Prof. Pavel Markov, PhD

pvlmarkov@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792563

Type of analysis:

  • scanning of surfaces and obtaining topographic images in order to characterize the roughness;
  • obtaining phase images in order to characterize the physicochemical properties;
  • obtaining surface force maps for mechanical characterization of samples;
  • electric force microscopy (EFM), conducting force (c-AFM) microscopy, photoconducting (pc-AFM) microscopy, Kelvin probe microscopy (KPFM).

Sample type:

Solid samples.

Institute and contact person:

IOMT – BAS Assist. Prof. Velichka Strizhova-Kenderova, PhD

vily@iomt.bas.bg, 02 979 3540

IP – BAS Assist. Prof. Georgi Grancharov, PhD

granchar@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 6319

UCTM – LAMAR Prof. Plamen Petkov, PhD

p.petkov@uctm.edu

Assist. Eng. Stefan Kozhuharov, PhD

s.kozhukharov@uctm.edu

SU – FCP Prof. Konstantin Balashev

fhkb@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 259

Assist. Prof. Silvia Simeonova, PhD

ssimeonova@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 341

Assist. Prof. Petar Georgiev, PhD

fhpg@chem.uni-sofia.bg, 02 8161 341

Type of analysis:

  • X-ray phase analysis, obtaining quantitative data, crystalite sizes, indexing of unknown phases;
  • point X-ray phase analysis;
  • X-ray phase analysis of monolithic samples up to 3 kg.
  • small angle diffraction analysis for the study of polymeric and mesoporous materials;
  • examination of thin films with GIXRD;
  • determination of residual stress in thin films and surfaces, texture studies;
  • high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis;
  • SAXS-analysis of the diffuse scattering for the study of nanomaterials.

Sample type:

Crystalline, organic and inorganic powders, incl. drugs, thin films for electronics and protective coatings, monolithic ceramic and metal samples, sol, gel, mesoporous and nanomaterials.

Institute and contact person:

IPC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Eng Georgi Avdeev, PhD

g_avdeev@ipc.bas.bg, 02 979 2534,

02 979 2507

IGIC – BAS Prof. Daniella Kovacheva

didka@svr.igic.bas.bg, 02 979 2587

Assoc. Prof. Petar Tsvetkov, PhD

tzvetkov@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792526

IP – BAS Assist. Prof. Phillip Ublekov, PhD

fublekov@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3475

Type of analysis:

  • non-destructive volume imaging and determination of morphometric parameters (porosity, volume parts, specific surface, size distribution, anisotropy, etc.);
  • determination of total volumes, areas and sizes of the scanned object;
  • defectoscopy;
  • determination of bone density;
  • determination of density in the case of available calibration samples;
  • three-dimensional computer models of the scanned object;
  • optical resolution of 2-6 micrometers depending on the contrast (minimum pixel volume – 0.5 micrometers).

Sample type:

Sample size –  between 0.5 mm and 7 cm, to be able to undergo X-rays irradiation with an energy of up to 80 kV for several hours.

Institute and contact person:

IPC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Dragomir Tachev, PhD

dtachev@ipc.bas.bg, 02 979 2570

Methods:

  • pouring of samples with resins, including conductive ones, in order to prepare grindings in moulds of different sizes, Ø25, Ø32 and Ø40;
  • grinding with silicon carbide water grits of different grain sizes;
  • polishing with diamond suspensions of particle size 6, 3 and 1 µm and corundum suspensions of particle size 0.6, 0.3 and 0.06 µm
  • – cutting and grinding of samples with diamond, boron-nitride and two types of corundum discs with thicknesses of 1.0, 0.5, 1.5 and 0.45 mm, respectively;

Sample type:

rocks, minerals, glass, ceramics, archaeological objects, metals and alloys, composite, multilayer and porous materials, plastics, etc.

Institute and contact person:

IPC-BAS Assistant Prof. Feyzim Hodjaoglu, PhD

feyzim@ipc.bas.bg, 0892 329 639

Assoc. Prof. Georgi Avdeev, PhD

g_avdeev@ipc.bas.bg, 02 979 25 34, 02 979 25 07

Thermal Methods

Type of analysis:

Differential thermal analysis of samples with the possibility of heating up to 1500oС and cooling up to -130оС with constant speed and keeping at constant temperature.

  • determination of melting, crystallization, vitrification temperatures;
  • determination of heats (enthalpies) of states and processes;
  • identification of low- and high-molecular organic and inorganic compounds;
  • thermogravimetric analysis up to 1500oС;
  • determination of thermal stability and mass loss as a function of temperature and time;
  • qualitative analysis of the emitted gases.

Sample type:

Solid (powders, granules, foils, fibers) and gel-like samples.

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Diana Rabadzhieva, PhD

didiarab@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029793925

Assist. Prof. Lubomir Aleksandrov, PhD

lubomir@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029793588

IP – BAS Eng Pencho Tuleshkov, PhD

pen.tul@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3477

Electrochemical Methods

Type of analysis:

  • electrochemical synthesis of metal, alloy, conductive polymer and composite electrode coatings;
  • electrochemical and electrocatalytic activity of electrode materials;
  • electroanalytical measurements of bioactive substances, drugs and pollutants;
  • impedance measurements;
  • corrosion measurements;
  • chronoamperometry, potentiometry, voltammetry, polarization curves, pulse and differential pulse methods.

Sample type:

Solid surface sample.

Institute and contact person:

IPC – BAS Prof. Vessela Tsakova, DSc

tsakova@ipc.bas.bg 02 979 2557

Prof. Nikolay Bozhkov, PhD

NBoshkov@ipc.bas.bg, 02 979 2521

UCTM – LAMAR Prof. Plamen Petkov, PhD

p.petkov@uctm.edu

Eng. Stefan Kozhuharov, PhD

s.kozhukharov@uctm.edu

Measuring of physical properties

Type of analysis:

  • measurement of the electrical conductivity according to the Hall method of solid materials between 100 and 600 K;
  • determination of the mobility and density of current carriers;
  • measurement of thermal conductivity of solid and powder materials at room temperature: calculation of diffusion, heat capacity, thermal resistance, depth of penetration.

Sample type:

Solids and powder materials in the form of tablets.

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assist. Prof. Sonya Harizanova, PhD sonya@svr.igic.bas.bg, 02 979 3904
IOMT – BAS Prof. Dimitar Dimitrov, PhD

ddimitrov@iomt.bas.bg, 029793531

Type of analysis:

  • measurement of surface tension of liquids in the range 1 to 2000 mN/m;
  • determination of the wetting angle in the range 0 to 180°.

Sample type:

Liquids and solutions; materials and composites; tablets, biologically active substances, foils and films; textiles and fibrous materials.

Institute and contact person:

IP – BAS Assoc. Prof. Olya Stoilova, PhD stoilova@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3468

Assoc. Prof. Maria Spasova, PhD

mspasova@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3468

UCTM – LAMAR Prof. Plamen Petkov, PhD

p.petkov@uctm.edu

Eng. Stefan Kozhuharov, PhD

s.kozhukharov@uctm.edu

IOMT – BAS Prof. Vera Marinova, DSc

vmarinova@iomt.bas.bg, 0886895767

Type of analysis:

  • determination of particle size from 0.3 nm to 10 µm, measurement of Zeta potential in the temperature range from 0 to 120°C;
  • measuring average mass molar mass, hydrodynamic radius, inertial radius and second viral coefficient;
  • determination of diffusion coefficients, speed and relaxation time;
  • determination of the thickness and optical constants of thin layers and multilayer systems, of the interface area between layers in multilayer systems, temperature control up to + 600 ° C (possibility for measurement in environment other than the surrounding atmosphere);
  • obtaining three-dimensional image of the sample surface, determination of surface roughness and thickness of thin layers, measurement of reflection spectra.

Sample type:

Solid and powder samples, solutions, suspensions, thin layers, polymer solutions, colloidal systems, other complex structures.

Institute and contact person:

IOMT – BAS Assist. Prof. Petya Petrovа, PhD

petia@iomt.bas.bg, 02 979 3543

Assoc. Prof. Violeta Madzharova, PhD

vmadjarova@iomt.bas.bg, 02 979 3506

Assist. Prof. Velichka Strizhova-Kenderova, PhD

vily@iomt.bas.bg, 02 979 3513

IP – BAS Prof. Stanislav Rangelov, DSc rangelov@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 2293

Assoc. Prof. Emi Haladzhova, PhD ehaladjova@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3973

IPH- BAS Assoc. Prof. Kamelia Kamburova, PhD

kamelia@ipc.bas.bg, 029793564

Type of analysis:

  • automatic determination of specific surface of solid materials by gas adsorption:
  • adsorption measurements with N2, CO2, Ar;
  • determination of a BET specific surface;
  • complete isotherms;
  • determination of pore volume and average pore diameter;
  • size distribution of micro- and mesopores.

Sample type:

Powdered samples.

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Ivanka Spasova, PhD

ispasova@svr.igic.bas.bg, 02 979 3566

Type of analysis:

  • determination of microhardness and nanohardness, resistance to plastic deformation, degree of elastic recovery, wear resistance;
  • determination of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and modulus of deformation; maximum elongation at break; maximum voltage (force) at break;
  • measurement of basic rheological characteristics: dynamic viscosity, storage and loss modules, thixotropic effect, etc.

Sample type:

bulky materials and thin layers – hard and superhard, metals, glass, ceramics; polymer materials, nano-materials, nonwovens, gels, thin foils and films;

polymer solutions, dispersions, emulsions, pastes and gels.

Institute and contact person:

CLAP – BAS Assoc. Prof. Lilyana Kolaklieva , PhD ohmic@clapbas.bg, 0893 611 033
IP – BAS Prof. Petar Petrov, DSc

ppetrov@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 6335

Assoc. Prof. Maria Spasova, PhD

mspasova@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3468

Eng. Pencho Tuleshkov, PhD

pen.tul@polymer.bas.bg, 02 979 3477

UCTM – LAMAR Prof. Plamen Petkov, PhD

p.petkov@uctm.edu

Assist. Eng. Stefan Kozhuharov, PhD

s.kozhukharov@uctm.edu

Synthetic equipment

Method:

Cathodic arc evaporation and unbalanced magnetron sputtering

Type of coating:

  • monolayer, multilayer and gradient hard coatings of binary and ternary compounds of Cr, Ti, Zr, Al;
  • superhard nanocomposites of triple and quadruple compounds (AlSiN, TiAlSiN, CrAlSiN);
  • nanosized monolayer and multilayer, gradient and composite coatings of binary, triple and quadruple compounds of Cr, Ti, Al.

Sample type:

Steel, tungsten carbide, plastics, glass.

Institute and contact person:

CLAP – BAS Assoc. Prof. Lilyana Kolaklieva, PhD ohmic@clapbas.bg, 0893 611 033

Apparatus:

Water bath beater Model SW22, Julabo GmbH.

Purpose:

The apparatus is designed for the synthesis of inorganic materials, ensuring good homogenization of the reaction substances and equipped with precise temperature control in the range 20-100°C. Temperature stability ±0.02°C. Built-in controller with digital display for control of operating parameters, presence of timer with alarm for end of set time. Equipped with universal platform with springs for attaching the reaction vessels.

Sample type:

Liquid and powdery substances

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Paunka Novachka, PhD pnovachka@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792541

Apparatus:

Water bath beater Model SW22, Julabo GmbH.

Purpose:

The apparatus is designed for the synthesis of inorganic materials, ensuring good homogenization of the reaction substances and equipped with precise temperature control in the range 20-100°C. Temperature stability ±0.02°C. Built-in controller with digital display for control of operating parameters, presence of timer with alarm for end of set time. Equipped with universal platform with springs for attaching the reaction vessels.

Sample type:

Liquid and powdery substances

Institute and contact person:

IGIC – BAS Assoc. Prof. Paunka Novachka, PhD pnovachka@svr.igic.bas.bg, 029792541

Method:

Anodic polarization of aluminum and its alloys in aqueous solutions of H2SO4, (COOH)2, H3PO4 under galvanostatic (J = const ) and isothermal (-15/-10 ⁰C) conditions.

Type of coatings:

The processing results in the formation of solid Al2O3-coatings with thicknesses up to 100 μm.These coatings have excellent adhesion, wear and corrosion resistance. This type of treatment is particularly suitable for aluminium workpieces operating under severe service conditions. The anodic oxide coatings have also very good decorative characteristics with color depending on the type of aluminium alloy being treated.

Sample type:

Samples of all types of aluminium alloys, including foundry alloys, can be processed. There are no restrictions on the shape of the specimens, but their area should not exceed 5 dm2.

Institute and contact person:

UCTM – LAMAR Assoc. Prof. Christiam Girginov, PhD

girginov@uctm.edu

Eng. Stefan Kozhuharov, PhD

s.kozhukharov@uctm.edu